Replicated exclosure/browsed paired plots of 20x20 m are in place in: (a) recently clear-cut forests in three regions where moose are the dominant forest ungulate: Trøndelag (n=15; established 2008), Telemark (n=16; est. 2009) and Akershus & Hedmark (n=16; est. 2007, 2010, 2011); (b) mature forests in two regions where red deer are the dominant forest ungulate: Tingvoll (n=10; est. 2009) and Gloppen (n=10 est. 2006). This adds up to a total of 67 study sites.

The fences

At each site, a 20 x 20 x 3 m fence is keeping the cervids out and enabling a comparison of the vegetation inside and outside the fence.