Terrestrial: Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) including stepped-frequency and pulsed systems, frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) induction, earth resistance and magnetometry

Marine: Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV), remotely operated vehicles (ROV) and unmanned surface vehicles (USV) deploying a range of acoustic and optical sensors

Airborne: Airborne laser scanning (LIDAR), unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV/drone) and aerial photogrammetry