This work package is related to impact of large scale integration of inverter fed energy resources, typically wind and solar. The inverter interface adds uncertainties regarding fault handling and fault current contribution. This is primarily because control algorithms are proprietary and unknown for relay coordination studies. Wide-area means communication of synchrophasor or sampled values between substations and from the points of common coupling of renewables to a central operation center. Topics of interest in this WP are:

• Effects of high penetration of renewables on the grid operation
• Inverter based energy sources (PV, Wind, Storage)
• Optimal operation and selectivity, sustained islanding
• Using SV, GOOSE and PMU data
• Emergency control
• 1 PhD