NoW 1 Grammar
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1 Grammar
1 Grammar
Pronouns
VIDEO
Personal pronouns - subject form
jeg | I |
du | you (singular) |
han | he |
hun | she |
det/den | it |
vi | we |
dere | you (plural) |
de | they |
Verbs
Verbs in the present tense
You add –r to the infinitive to form the present tense:
Infinitive | Present tense | ||
å komme | to come | → | kommer |
å reise | to travel | → | reiser |
It does not matter who is carrying out the verb. You add
Jeg kommer fra England. I come from England |
Anna kommer fra Italia. Anna comes from Italy. |
Vi kommer fra Norge. We come from Norway. |
Note that some verbs have irregular present tense forms:
Infinitive | Present tense | ||
å være | to be | → | er |
å gjøre | to do | → | gjør |
Nouns
Norwegian nouns have three genders: masculine, feminine and
neuter. The indefinite articles are en (masculine), ei (feminine) and
et (neuter). The corresponding indefinite articles in English are a/an.
Masculine | en brus | a soda |
Feminine | ei jente | a girl |
Neuter | et kart | a map |
(Feminine nouns can have the article en instead of ei: ei/en jente.)
Leaving out en/ei/et
When stating certain situations you can leave out en/ei/et:
Ken reiser med tog. Ken travels by train. |
The same applies e.g. for occupations:
Jeg er student. I am a student. |
Conjunctions
VIDEO
The conjunctions og (and) and men (but) connect sentences:
Jeg heter Anna, og jeg kommer fra Italia. My name is Anna, and I come from Italy. |
Jeg snakker italiensk, men jeg snakker ikke tysk. I speak Italian, but I do not speak German. |
Question words
The most common question words are:
hva | what |
hvem | who |
hvor | where (how) |
hvordan | how |
Examples: | |
Hva heter du? | What is your name? |
Hvem er det? | Who is it? |
Hvor bor du? | Where do you live? |
Hvor gammel er du? | How old are you? |
Hvordan går det? | How are you? |
Word order
Main clauses (sentences)
In a main clause the verb is the second element:
Jeg snakker norsk. I speak Norwegian. |
Negation
In a narrative clause the negation ikke (not), which is an adverb, usually comes after the verb:
Jeg snakker ikke spansk. I do not speak Spanish. |
Other adverbs like også (also/too) come after the verb as well:
Jeg snakker også spansk. I also speak Spanish. |
Questions
In questions with question words the verb is also the second element:
Hva heter du? What is your name? |
Hvor kommer du fra? Where do you come from? |
In questions without a question word the sentence starts with the verb:
Snakker du norsk? Do you speak Norwegian? |
Nationalities
Countries |
Nationalities (adjectives) |
Languages |
Norge | norsk | norsk |
England | engelsk | engelsk |
Italia | italiensk | italiensk |
Spania | spansk | spansk |
USA | amerikansk | (amerikansk) engelsk |
Tyskland | tysk | tysk |