4 Grammar NoW
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Grammar Chapter 4
Grammar Chapter 4
Demonstratives
VIDEO
Demonstratives specify objects as well as distance to the objects.
Denne and den is used with singular masculine and feminine nouns.
Dette and det is used with singular neuter nouns.
Disse and de is used with plural nouns.
Note that the nouns following the demonstratives take the definite form: denne bilen etc.
Near | Far | ||
Masc. denne bilen | this car | den bilen | that car |
Fem. denne veska | this handbag | den veska | that handbag |
Neut. dette kartet | this map | det kartet | that map |
Plural disse bilene | these cars | de bilene | those cars |
Verbs
Infinitive
Some expressions with prepositions and some verbs are followed by å + infinitive:
for å | in order to | Anna går til kassen for å betale . |
å ha lyst til | want/would like to | Hun har lyst til å kjøpe en norsk roman. |
å begynne | begin | Hun begynner å lese i boka. |
å like | like | Hun liker å lese. |
Auxiliary verbs without main verb (expressions of motion)
In certain situations you can omit the main verb (the infinitive) after the auxiliary verb:
Ken vil (dra) hjem. | → | Ken vil hjem. | Ken wants to go home |
Anna skal (gå) ut. | → | Anna skal ut. | Anna is going out |
Adjectives
VIDEO
In Chapter 3 we learnt the main pattern for adjectives: Most adjectives add -t in the neuter and -e in the plural.
Attributive form
Singular | Plural | ||
Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | |
en brun stol | ei brun seng | et brunt bord | brune stoler/senger/bord |
a brown chair | a brown bed | a brown table | brown chairs/beds/tables |
Predicative form
Singular | Plural | ||
Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | |
Stolen er brun | Senga er brun | Bordet er brunt | Stolene/sengene/bordene er brune stoler/senger/bord |
The chair is brown | The bed is brown | The table is brown | The chairs/beds/tables are brown |
There are however some other patterns for adjectives as well:
Other patterns
Singular | Plural | ||
Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | |
en ny bil | ei ny veske | et nytt skjerf | nye biler |
One-syllable adjectives ending in a stressed vowel: -tt in neuter (ny: new). | |||
en billig bil | ei billig veske | et billig_ skjerf | billige biler |
Adjectives ending in -ig: no -t in neuter (billig: cheap). | |||
en tysk bil | ei tysk veske | et tysk_skjerf | tyske biler |
Nationality adjectives ending in -sk: no -t in neuter (tysk: German). | |||
en praktisk bil | ei praktisk veske | et praktisk_ skjerf | praktiske biler |
Foreign adjectives ending in -isk: no -t in neuter (praktisk: practical). | |||
en moderne bil | ei moderne veske | et moderne_ skjerf | moderne biler |
Adjectives ending in -e: no -t the neuter (moderne: modern). | |||
en grønn bil | ei grønn veske | et grønt skjerf | grønne biler |
Most adjectives with a double consonant drop one consonant before t (grønn: green). |
Two special adjectives
Liten (small) and annen (other) are irregular adjectives.
Attributive form
Singular | Plural | ||
Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | |
en liten bil | ei lita bok | et lite skjerf | små biler/bøker/skjerf |
a small car | a small book | a small scarf | small cars/books/scarfs |
en annen bil | ei anna bok | et annet skjerf | andre biler/bøker/skjerf |
another car | another book | another scarf | other cars/books/scarfs |
Predicative form
Singular | Plural | ||
Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | |
Bilen er liten | Boka er lita | Skjerfet er lite | Bilene/bøkene/skjerfene er små |
The car is small | The book is small | The scarf is small | The cars/books/scarves are small |
Annen (other) is not used in predicative form.