Thor Harald Ringsby

About

Research

My research interests cover population ecology, life history and conservation biology.

I seek to understand eco-evolutionary mechanisms that causes changes in species distributions and their abundances, which is in the core of population ecology. In order to understand such mechanisms we have to deal with how life history traits vary among individuals, how individuals interact with each other, how they are affected by the environment and how this relates to individual variation in fitness. Understanding and quantifying factors that influence individual variation in fitness is therefore essential in order to predict changes in population sizes over time - which also is central in population ecology.

Variation in time and space

A major part of my research have focused on how populations vary in space and time. It is important to understand how spatial variation in habitat quality among local populations as well as temporal variation in environmental conditions (e.g. variation in climate conditions) influence local variance in life history traits (morphology, survival rates, reproduction, dispersal rates etc) and population dynamics within a species.

Such knowledge is important in order to understand the consequences of habitat fragmentation caused by human activity (intrastructure/forestry/agriculture etc) which is one of the biggest causes of loss of biodiversity today.

I have studied such perspectives empirically in a metapopulation consisting of 18 island populations of House sparrows (Passer domesticus) at the coast of Helgeland in northern Norway since 1993.

The focus in ongoing work covers:

How does local phenology (e.g. onset of spring, NDVI), spring temperature, and climate change affect the initiation of breeding and the reproductive success
House Sparrows
Density dependent reproductive success; in many bird species nestlings are fed with insects during nest stage (including house sparrows) and in high density populations the competition for insects will be higher; to what extent is the diversity of the local insect fauna (reflecting carrying capacity in the habitat) limiting the reproductive output of house sparrow populations. And, does the spatio-temporal variation (within season variation and among habitats (i.e. islands)) in the insect diversity determine reproductive output
Spatial and temporal variation in life history traits: the relationship between body size, growth rate and potential role of telomeres as mediators of lifespan and fitness in House Sparrows
Causes and consequences of variation in egg size in House Sparrows
Effects of ecto- and endoparasites on variation in individual fitness as well as on population dynamics in House Sparrows
Predator-prey dynamics

Teaching:

I am program leader for the 2-year interdiciplinary masterprogram in "Natural Resources Management" (on leave Aug 2020-Aug 2021)

Responsibility in courses:

BI1003 - Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Ethology

BI2033 – Population ecology

BI2034 – Community ecology

RFEL3081 - Natural Resources Management, Interdisciplinary Project (emneansvarlig)

Master projects:

Ask me :-)

Publications

2024

Eriksen, Lasse Frost; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Moa, Pål Fossland; Grøtan, Vidar. (2024) Life history traits and demography of a mountain bird under climatic variation. Doktoravhandlinger ved NTNU (2024:90)
Doctoral dissertation
Htay, Thazin; Htoo, Kyaw Kyaw; Røskaft, Eivin; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Ranke, Peter Sjolte. (2024) Environmental Factors Affecting Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Crop-Exploiting Species: Implications for Coexistence Between Agricultural Production and Avifauna Conservation in Wetlands. Environmental Management
Academic article
Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Pepke, Michael Le; Søraker, Jørgen Skavdal; David, Gabriel; Araya Ajoy, Yimen Gerardo; Wright, Jonathan. (2024) Long-distance dispersal in the short-distance dispersing house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Ecology and Evolution
Academic article
McAuley, John B; Servin, Bertrand; Burnett, Hamish Andrew; Brekke, Cathrine; Peters, Lucy; Hagen, Ingerid Julie. (2024) The Genetic Architecture of Recombination Rates is Polygenic and Differs between the Sexes in Wild House Sparrows (Passer domesticus). Molecular Biology and Evolution (MBE)
Academic article

2023

Eriksen, Lasse Frost; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Pedersen, Hans Christian; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland. (2023) Climatic forcing and individual heterogeneity in a resident mountain bird: legacy data reveal effects on reproductive strategies. Royal Society Open Science
Academic article
Nafstad, Ådne Messel; Rønning, Bernt; Aase, Kenneth; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Hagen, Ingerid Julie; Ranke, Peter Sjolte. (2023) Spatial variation in the evolutionary potential and constraints of basal metabolic rate and body mass in a wild bird. Journal of Evolutionary Biology
Academic article
Htay, Thazin; Røskaft, Eivin; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Ranke, Peter Sjolte. (2023) Spatio-temporal variation in avian taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity and its relevance for conservation in a wetland ecosystem in Myanmar. Biodiversity and Conservation
Academic article
Pepke, Michael Le; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Eisenberg, Dan T. A.. (2023) The evolution of early-life telomere length, pace-of-life and telomere-chromosome length dynamics in birds. Molecular Ecology
Academic article
Pepke, Michael Le; Kvalnes, Thomas; Wright, Jonathan; Araya Ajoy, Yimen Gerardo; Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Boner, Winnie. (2023) Longitudinal telomere dynamics within natural lifespans of a wild bird. Scientific Reports
Academic article
Saugestad, Margrete; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Kvalnes, Thomas; Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Pepke, Michael Le. (2023) The influence of arthropods availability on fledgling morphology and reproductive success in wild house sparrows. Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Gholami, Fatemeh; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Kvalnes, Thomas; Burnett, Hamish Andrew. (2023) Effect of inbreeding on egg size and clutch size in an insular house sparrow metapopulation in northern Norway. Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Oddvik, Vilde Jonasson; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe; Kvalnes, Thomas. (2023) The Effects of Diet and Weather on Early-life Growth and Survival in Atlantic Puffin Nestlings in Northern Norway. Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Htay, Thazin; Htoo, Kyaw Kyaw; Røskaft, Eivin; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Ranke, Peter Sjolte. (2023) Social and ecological drivers of illegal bird hunting in the Indawgyi wetland ecosystem in Myanmar. Conservation Science and Practice (CSP)
Academic article
Kazemi, Maryam; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Burnett, Hamish Andrew; Myhre, Ane Marlene. (2023) Demographic changes in female-skewed populations of house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis

2022

Pepke, Michael Le; Kvalnes, Thomas; Rønning, Bernt; Jensen, Henrik; Boner, Winnie; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2022) Artificial size selection experiment reveals telomere length dynamics and fitness consequences in a wild passerine. Molecular Ecology
Academic article
Mehlhoop, Anne Catriona; Van Moorter, Bram; Rolandsen, Christer Moe; Hagen, Dagmar; Granhus, Aksel; Eriksen, Rune. (2022) Moose in our neighborhood: Does perceived hunting risk have cascading effects on tree performance in vicinity of roads and houses?. Ecology and Evolution
Academic article
Pepke, Michael Le; Niskanen, Alina Katariina; Kvalnes, Thomas; Boner, Winnie; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2022) Inbreeding is associated with shorter early-life telomere length in a wild passerine. Conservation Genetics
Academic article
Pepke, Michael Le; Kvalnes, Thomas; Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Araya-Ajoy, Yimen; Wright, Jonathan; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2022) Causes and consequences of variation in early-life telomere length in a bird metapopulation. Ecology and Evolution
Academic article
Mehlhoop, Anne Catriona; Van Moorter, Bram; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Hagen, Dagmar; Rolandsen, Christer Moe; Evju, Marianne. (2022) Evaluating mitigation measures to reduce negative impacts of infrastructure construction on vegetation and wildlife. Doctoral theses at NTNU (48)
Doctoral dissertation
Søraker, Jørgen Skavdal; Jensen, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Wright, Jonathan; Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2022) Disentangling the age-dependent causal pathways affecting multiple paternity in house sparrows. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
Bjørsrud, Maren Sofie; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Kvalnes, Thomas; Pepke, Michael Le; Ranke, Peter Sjolte. (2022) Predator-induced selection on phenotypes by sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus) in house sparrows (Passer domesticus). Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
Htay, Thazin; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Røskaft, Eivin; Ranke, Peter Sjolte. (2022) Promoting bird conservation in wetland-associated landscapes: Factors influencing avian crop damage and farmers’ attitudes. Global Ecology and Conservation
Academic article

2021

Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Araya-Ajoy, Yimen; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Pärn, Henrik; Rønning, Bernt; Jensen, Henrik. (2021) Spatial structure and dispersal dynamics in a house sparrow metapopulation. Journal of Animal Ecology
Academic article
Saatoglu, Fikriye Dilan; Niskanen, Alina Katariina; Kuismin, Markku; Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Hagen, Ingerid Julie; Araya-Ajoy, Yimen. (2021) Dispersal in a house sparrow metapopulation: An integrative case study of genetic assignment calibrated with ecological data and pedigree information. Molecular Ecology
Academic article
Pepke, Michael Le; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik; Kvalnes, Thomas; Wright, Jonathan. (2021) The Ecological and evolutionary role of telomere length in house sparrows. Doctoral theses at NTNU (420)
Doctoral dissertation
Pepke, Michael Le; Kvalnes, Thomas; Lundregan, Sarah; Boner, Winnie; Monaghan, Pat; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2021) Genetic architecture and heritability of early-life telomere length in a wild passerine. Molecular Ecology
Academic article
Araya-Ajoy, Yimen; Niskanen, Alina Katariina; Froy, Hannah; Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Kvalnes, Thomas; Rønning, Bernt. (2021) Variation in generation time reveals density regulation as an important driver of pace of life in a bird metapopulation. Ecology Letters
Academic article
Muller, Amandine Sophie; Jensen, Henrik; Araya-Ajoy, Yimen; Husby, Arild; Kvalnes, Thomas; Lundregan, Sarah. (2021) Effects of inbreeding on lay date in house sparrows (Passer domesticus). Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Gravelsæther, Maria Margareth Angelil; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Fossøy, Frode; Stokke, Bård Gunnar; Hansen, Brage Bremset. (2021) Effects of arthropod abundance on reproductive success in Svalbard snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis). Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis

2020

Dehnhard, Nina; Skei, Jørgen; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe; May, Roelof Frans; Halley, Duncan John; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2020) Boat disturbance effects on moulting common eiders Somateria mollissima. Marine Biology
Academic article
Niskanen, Alina Katariina; Billing, Anna Maria; Holand, Håkon; Hagen, Ingerid Julie; Araya-Ajoy, Yimen; Husby, Arild. (2020) Consistent scaling of inbreeding depression in space and time in a house sparrow metapopulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS)
Academic article
Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Skjelseth, Sigrun; Hagen, Ingerid Julie; Billing, Anna Maria; Borg Pedersen, Åsa Alexandra; Pärn, Henrik. (2020) Multi‑generational genetic consequences of reinforcement in a bird metapopulation. Conservation Genetics
Academic article
Ringsby, Thor Harald; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Eriksen, Lasse Frost; Eichholz, Emanuel. (2020) Optimal spatiotemporal harvest strategies for willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) in central Norway. NTNU
Masters thesis
Lundregan, Sarah L.; Niskanen, Alina K.; Muff, Stefanie; Holand, Håkon; Kvalnes, Thomas; Ringsby, Thor-Harald. (2020) Resistance to gapeworm parasite has both additive and dominant genetic components in house sparrows, with evolutionary consequences for ability to respond to parasite challenge. Molecular Ecology
Academic article

2019

Thurmann-Nielsen, Cathrine Framstad; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Pepke, Michael Le; Rønning, Bernt; Kvalnes, Thomas. (2019) Nest Microclimate in Relation to Maternal Phenotypic Quality and Reproductive Success in a Wild Population of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus). NTNU
Masters thesis
Graae, Bente Jessen; Nielsen, Martin Reinhardt; Kløckner, Christian; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Moe, Espen; Said, Mohammed Yahya. (2019) Savanna Life (brettspill/serious game).
Other product
Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Pärn, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2019) Demographic and genetic and consequences of dispersal in house sparrows. NTNU
Doctoral dissertation
Gjestrud Julseth, Martin; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Rønning, Bernt; Pepke, Michael Le; Skei, Jon Kristian; Kvalnes, Thomas. (2019) The effect of arthropod availability on reproductive phenology and success in a multi-brooded passerine Passer domesticus. NTNU
Masters thesis
Araya-Ajoy, Yimen; Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Kvalnes, Thomas; Rønning, Bernt; Holand, Håkon; Myhre, Ane Marlene. (2019) Characterizing morphological (co)variation using structural equation models: Body size, allometric relationships and evolvability in a house sparrow metapopulation. Evolution
Academic article
Holand, Håkon; Jensen, Henrik; Kvalnes, Thomas; Tufto, Jarle; Pärn, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2019) Parasite prevalence increases with temperature in an avian metapopulation in northern Norway. Parasitology
Academic article

2018

Kvalnes, Thomas; Røberg, Anja Ås; Jensen, Henrik; Holand, Håkon; Pärn, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2018) Offspring fitness and the optimal propagule size in a fluctuating environment. Journal of Avian Biology
Academic article
Lundregan, Sarah; Hagen, Ingerid Julie; Gohli, Jostein; Niskanen, Alina Katariina; Kemppainen, Petri; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2018) Inferences of genetic architecture of bill morphology in house sparrow using a high-density SNP array point to a polygenic basis. Molecular Ecology
Academic article
Myhr Stavnås, Veronica; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2018) Demographic determinants of population growth rate in willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) in Lierne, central Norway. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet (NTNU)
Masters thesis
Krogfjord, Mari; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Kvalnes, Thomas; Pedersen, Michael Pepke. (2018) Effects of variation in egg size on maternal fitness in a population of wild house sparrows (Passer domesticus). NTNU
Masters thesis
Jakobsen, Marte; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Pedersen, Michael Pepke; Kvalnes, Thomas; Rønning, Bernt. (2018) Spatiotemporal variation and fitness consequences of blood hemoglobin concentration in free-living house sparrow (Passer domesticus) nestlings. NTNU
Masters thesis
Talal, Mohammad; Wright, Jonathan; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2018) Individual variation and indirect social effects in Producer-Scrounger behavior in the House Sparrow, Passer domesticus. NTNU
Masters thesis
Johansen, Kristina; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik; Kvalnes, Thomas; Tufto, Jarle. (2018) Spatiotemporal variation in laying date and its impact on reproductive success in houses parrows (Passer domesticus). Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis

2017

Stubberud, Marlene Wæge; Myhre, Ane Marlene; Holand, Håkon; Kvalnes, Thomas; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2017) Sensitivity analysis of effective population size to demographic parameters in house sparrow populations. Molecular Ecology
Academic article
Kvalnes, Thomas; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik; Hagen, Ingerid Julie; Rønning, Bernt; Pärn, Henrik. (2017) Reversal of response to artificial selection on body size in a wild passerine bird. Evolution
Academic article
Silva, Catarina; McFarlane, S. Eryn; Hagen, Ingerid Julie; Rönnegård, Lars; Billing, Anna Maria; Kvalnes, Thomas. (2017) Insights into the genetic architecture of morphological and sexually selected traits in two passerine bird species. Heredity
Academic article
Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Skjelseth, Sigrun; Pärn, Henrik; Herfindal, Ivar; Borg Pedersen, Åsa Alexandra; Stokke, Bård Gunnar. (2017) Demographic influences of translocated individuals on a resident population of house sparrows. Oikos
Academic article
Pettersen, Nils Håkon; Wright, Jonathan; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Rønning, Bernt. (2017) Indirect social effects of the individual strategy in producer-scrounger foraging interactions. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
Kemppainen, Petri; Rønning, Bernt; Kvalnes, Thomas; Hagen, Ingerid Julie; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Billing, Anna Maria. (2017) Controlling for P-value inflation in allele frequency change in experimental evolution and artificial selection experiments. Molecular Ecology Resources
Academic article

2016

Wright, Jonathan; Finnøen, Mette Helene; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Rønning, Bernt. (2016) Personality and pace-of-life behavioral syndromes in a model species, the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus). MSc Thesis, NTNU
Masters thesis
Olsen, Mirja Carola; Wright, Jonathan; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Rønning, Bernt. (2016) Linking variation in personality and behavioural syndromes to social foraging and producer-scrounger effects in house sparrows (Passer domesticus). MSc Thesis, NTNU
Masters thesis
Lindstrøm, Ingrid Marie; Solberg, Erling Johan; Rolandsen, Christer Moe; Bram, Van Moorter; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2016) No mitigating effects of roadside vegetation clearing on ungulate-vehicle collisions in Nord-Trøndelag. Institutt for biologi, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
Danielsen, Preben; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Hansen, Brage Bremset; Varpe, Øystein; Veiberg, Vebjørn. (2016) Climate trends, weather fluctuations and calving phenology in Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). Institutt for biologi, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
De Rijcke, Sandra; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Lorentsen, Svein Håkon. (2016) Foraging behaviour of the European shag during early chick-rearing period; do they follow the marginal value theorem?. Institutt for biologi, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
Rønning, Bernt; Broggi, Juli; Bech, Claus; Moe, Børge; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Pärn, Henrik. (2016) Is basal metabolic rate associated with recruit production and survival in free-living house sparrows?. Functional Ecology
Academic article
Holand, Håkon; Kvalnes, Thomas; Gamelon, Marlène; Tufto, Jarle; Jensen, Henrik; Pärn, Henrik. (2016) Spatial variation in senescence rates in a bird metapopulation. Oecologia
Academic article
Nossen, Ida; Ciesielski, Tomasz Maciej; Dimmen, Malene Vågen; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Polder, Anuschka. (2016) Steroids in house sparrows (Passer domesticus): Effects of POPs and male quality signalling. Science of the Total Environment
Academic article

2015

Arstad Skøien, Elida; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Hansen, Brage Bremset; Fossøy, Frode; Stokke, Bård Gunnar; Varpe, Øystein. (2015) Causes and Consequences of Breeding Synchrony in the Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis). Institutt for biologi, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
Wright, Jonathan; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Pärn, Henrik; Rønning, Bernt; Sommerli, Sindre Lysfjord. (2015) Personality and Innovation in House Sparrows: Evolutionary and Demographic Consequences of Individual Phenotypic Differences. MSc Thesis, NTNU
Masters thesis
Ringsby, Thor Harald; Kvalnes, Thomas; Jensen, Henrik; Røberg, Anja Ås. (2015) Effects of variation in egg size on offspring fitness in populations of house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik; Pärn, Henrik; Kvalnes, Thomas; Boner, Winnie; Gillespie, Robert. (2015) On being the right size: Increased body size is associated with reduced telomere length under natural conditions. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences
Academic article
Holand, Håkon; Jensen, Henrik; Tufto, Jarle; Pärn, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2015) Endoparasite infection has both short- and long-term negative effects on reproductive success of female house sparrows, as revealed by faecal parasitic egg counts. PLOS ONE
Academic article
Skøien, Elida Aarstad; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Fossøy, Frode; Hansen, Brage Bremset; Varpe, Øystein; Stokke, Bård Gunnar. (2015) Causes and Consequences of Breeding Synchrony in the Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis). NTNU, Department of Biology
Masters thesis

2014

Skei, Jørgen; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Lorentsen, Svein Håkon. (2014) Exploring Moulting Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) Escape Responses towards Ship Traffic. Institutt for biologi, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
Holand, Håkon; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2014) The parasite Syngamus trachea in a metapopulation of house sparrows. Doktoravhandlinger ved NTNU (2014:178)
Doctoral dissertation
Dimmen, Malene Vågen; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro; Ciesielski, Tomasz Maciej; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2014) Levels and effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on circulating thyroid hormones in house sparrows (Passer domesticus) from Leka, Norway. Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Nossen, Ida; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro; Ciesielski, Tomasz Maciej; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2014) Possible Effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants on Steroid Hormone Homeostasis in House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) from Helgeland, Norway. Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Holand, Håkon; Jensen, Henrik; Tufto, Jarle; Soliman, Mustafa M.; Pärn, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2014) Lower survival probability of house sparrows severely infected by the gapeworm parasite. Journal of Avian Biology
Academic article
Baalsrud, Helle Tessand; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Hagen, Ingerid Julie; Myhre, Ane Marlene; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Pärn, Henrik. (2014) Effects of population characteristics and structure on estimates of effective population size in a house sparrow metapopulation. Molecular Ecology
Academic article
Huseby, O.; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Rolandsen, Christer Moe; Van Moorter, Bram; Herfindal, Ivar; Solberg, Erling Johan. (2014) Sesongvariasjon i elgens aktivitet gjennom døgnet påvirker når og hvor den påkjøres. Hjorteviltet
Popular scientific article

2013

Kvalnes, Thomas; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2013) Correlates of egg size variation in a population of house sparrow Passer domesticus. Oecologia
Academic article
Melis, Claudia; Borg, Åsa Alexandra; Jensen, Henrik; Bjørkvoll, Eirin Marie; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2013) Genetic variability and structure of the water vole Arvicola amphibius across four metapopulations in northern Norway. Ecology and Evolution
Academic article
Ringsby, Thor Harald; Holand, Håkon; Jensen, Henrik; Pärn, Henrik; Vastveit, Helene Russell. (2013) Spatial and temporal variation in hippoboscid parasitism by Ornithomya chloropus on house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and its effect on survival. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
Holand, Håkon; Jensen, Henrik; Tufto, Jarle; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2013) Temporal and spatial variation in prevalence of the parasite Syngamus trachea in a metapopulation of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus). Parasitology
Academic article
Huseby, Oddmund; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Solberg, Erling Johan; Herfindal, Ivar; Van Moorter, Bram F. A.; Rolandsen, Christer Moe. (2013) Spatio-temporal variation in moose vehicle collisions: the effect of varying traffic intensity and light conditions. Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Ofstad, Endre Grüner; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Herfindal, Ivar; Solberg, Erling Johan; Rolandsen, Christer Moe; Van Moorter, Bram F. A.. (2013) Seasonal variation in Site Fidelity of Moose (Alces alces). Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Gressetvold, Marit; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon. (2013) Identifying conservative criteria for environmental assessments of vulnerability; Seabirds and offshore wind farms as a case study. Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis

2012

Parn, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2012) Spatial heterogeneity in the effects of climate and density-dependence on dispersal in a house sparrow metapopulation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences
Academic article
Billing, Anna Maria; Lee, Aline Magdalena; Skjelseth, Sigrun; Borg, Åsa Alexandra; Hale, M. C.; Slate, J. (2012) Evidence of inbreeding depression but not inbreeding avoidance in a natural house sparrow population. Molecular Ecology
Academic article
Tufto, Jarle; Lande, Russell; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Engen, Steinar; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Walla, T. R.. (2012) Estimating Brownian motion dispersal rate, longevity and population density from spatially explicit mark-recapture data on tropical butterflies. Journal of Animal Ecology
Academic article

2011

Kristiansen, Atle Torvik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik. (2011) Genetic variation in a metapopulation of house sparrows: The interplay of population size and dispersal. NTNU, Institutt for biologi
Masters thesis
Ringsby, Thor Harald; Odden, John. (2011) The ecology of a conflict: Eurasian lynx depredation on domestic sheep. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Doktoravhandlinger ved NTNU (320)
Doctoral dissertation
Melis, Claudia; Holmern, Tomas; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2011) Who ends up in the eagle owl pellets? A new method to assess whether water voles experience different predation risk. Mammalian Biology
Academic article

2010

Kvalnes, Thomas; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik. (2010) Correlates of egg size variation in a population of house sparrow Passer domesticus. NTNU, Institutt for biologi
Masters thesis

2009

Ringsby, Thor Harald; Berge, Torborg; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Jensen, Henrik. (2009) Reproductive success and individual variation in feeding frequency of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus). Journal of Ornithology = Journal fur Ornithologie
Academic literature review
Parn, Henrik; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2009) Sex-specific fitness correlates of dispersal in a house sparrow metapopulation. Journal of Animal Ecology
Academic article
Holand, Håkon; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik. (2009) Effects of the parasitic gapeworm (Syngamus trachea) on survival in house sparrows (Passer domesticus). NTNU, Institutt for biologi
Masters thesis

2008

Jensen, Henrik; Steinsland, Ingelin; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2008) Evolutionary dynamics of a sexual ornament in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus): The role of indirect selection within and between sexes. Evolution
Academic literature review
Ciesielski, Tomasz Maciej; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro; Pedersen, Hans Christian; Bæk, K.; Skåre, Janneche Utne; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2008) Decabrominated diphenyl ether in ptarmigans and sparrows in Norway. Organohalogen Compounds
Academic article
Jones, OR; Gaillard, JM; Tuljapurkar, S; Alho, JS; Armitage, KB; Becker, PH. (2008) Senescence rates are determined by ranking on the fast-slow life-history continuum. Ecology Letters
Academic article
Davidsen, Ole Roar; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2008) Size-related variation in survival rates of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) subject to artificial size-dependent selection. NTNU, Institutt for biologi
Masters thesis

2007

Jensen, Henrik; Bremset, Erlend Myre; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2007) Multilocus heterozygosity and inbreeding depression in an insular house sparrow metapopulation. Molecular Ecology
Academic literature review
Engen, Steinar; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Lande, Russell; Jensen, Henrik; Lillegård, Magnar. (2007) Effective size of fluctuating populations with two sexes and overlapping generations. Evolution
Academic article
Skjelseth, Sigrun; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Tufto, Jarle; Jensen, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2007) Dispersal of introduced house sparrows Passer domesticus: an experiment. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences
Academic article

2006

Jensen, Henrik; Steinsland, Ingelin; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2006) Indirect selection as a constraint on the evolution of sexual ornaments and other morphological traits in the House Sparrow. Journal of Ornithology = Journal fur Ornithologie
Abstract
Skjelseth, Sigrun; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik; Tufto, Jarle; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2006) Dispersal patterns within a meta-population of House Sparrows after an introduction experiment. Journal of Ornithology = Journal fur Ornithologie
Abstract
Solberg, E.J.; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2006) Fitness consequences of hybridization between house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and tree sparrows (P-montanus). Journal of Ornithology = Journal fur Ornithologie
Academic article
Jensen, Henrik; Svorkmo-Lundberg, Torkild; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2006) Environmental influence and cohort effects in a sexual ornament in the house sparrow, Passer domesticus. Oikos
Academic article
Myre Bremset, Erlend; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2006) Multilocus heterozygosity and inbreeding in an insular house sparrow metapopulation. NTNU, Institutt for biologi
Masters thesis
Skei, Jon Kristian; Dolmen, Dag; Rønning, Lars; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2006) Habitat use during the aquatic phase of the newts Triturus vulgaris (L.) and T. cristatus (Laurenti) in central Norway: proposition for a conservation and monitoring area. Amphibia-Reptilia
Academic article
Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Jensen, Henrik; Engen, Steinar. (2006) Demographic characteristics of extinction in a small, insular population of house sparrows in Northern Norway. Conservation Biology
Academic article
Husby, Arild; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2006) Causes and consequences of adaptive seasonal sex ratio variation in house sparrows. Journal of Animal Ecology
Academic article

2005

Tufto, Jarle; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Dhondt, A.A.; Andriaensen, Frank; Matthysen, Erik. (2005) A parametric model for estimation of dispersal patterns applied to five passerine spatially structured populations. The American Naturalist
Academic article
Larsen, Line-Kristin; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2005) Correlates of multiple paternity (MP) in a house sparrow, Passer domesticus, meta-population. NTNU, Institutt for biologi
Masters thesis
Husby, Arild; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2005) Causes and consequences of sex ratio variation in house sparrows. NTNU, Institutt for biologi
Masters thesis

2004

Jensen, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Tufto, Jarle; Griffith, Simon C.; Ellegren, H. (2004) Lifetime reproductive success in relation to morphology in the house sparrow Passer domesticus. Journal of Animal Ecology
Academic article

2003

Henriksen, Snorre; Aanes, Ronny; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Tufto, Jarle. (2003) Does availability of resources influence grazing strategies in female Svalbard reindeer?. Rangifer
Academic article
Jensen, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Tufto, Jarle; Griffith, S. C.; Ellegren, Hans. (2003) Sexual variation in heritability and genetic correlations of morphological traits in house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Journal of Evolutionary Biology
Academic article

2002

Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Tufto, Jarle; Jensen, Henrik; Solberg, Erling Johan. (2002) Asynchronous spatiotemporal variation in demography of a House Sparrow Passer domesticus metapopulation in a correlated environment. Ecology
Academic article
Solberg, Erling Johan; Loison, Anne; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Heim, Morten. (2002) Biased adult sex ratio can affect fecundity in primiparous moose. Wildlife Biology
Academic article

2000

Altwegg, Res; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2000) Phenotypic correlates and consequences of dispersal in a metapopulation of house sparrows Passer domesticus. Journal of Animal Ecology
Academic article
Solberg, Erling Johan; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Altwegg, Andreas; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2000) Fertile House Sparrow X Tree Sparrow (Passer domesticus X Passer montanus) hybrids?. Journal of Ornithology = Journal fur Ornithologie
Academic article

1999

Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Altwegg, Andreas; Solberg, Erling Johan. (1999) Temporal and spatial variation in survival rates of a house sparrow metapopulation. Oikos
Academic article
Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Bakke, Øyvind; Solberg, Erling Johan. (1999) Spatial and temporal variation in demography of a house sparrow metapopulation. Ecology
Academic article
Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Altwegg, Res; Solberg, Erling Johan. (1999) Temporal and spatial variation in survival rates of a house sparrow, Passer domesticus, metapopulation. Oikos
Academic article
Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Bakke, Øyvind; Solberg, Erling Johan. (1999) Spatial and temporal variation in demography of a house sparrow metapopulation. Journal of Animal Ecology
Academic article

Journal publications

Htay, Thazin; Htoo, Kyaw Kyaw; Røskaft, Eivin; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Ranke, Peter Sjolte. (2024) Environmental Factors Affecting Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Crop-Exploiting Species: Implications for Coexistence Between Agricultural Production and Avifauna Conservation in Wetlands. Environmental Management
Academic article
Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Pepke, Michael Le; Søraker, Jørgen Skavdal; David, Gabriel; Araya Ajoy, Yimen Gerardo; Wright, Jonathan. (2024) Long-distance dispersal in the short-distance dispersing house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Ecology and Evolution
Academic article
McAuley, John B; Servin, Bertrand; Burnett, Hamish Andrew; Brekke, Cathrine; Peters, Lucy; Hagen, Ingerid Julie. (2024) The Genetic Architecture of Recombination Rates is Polygenic and Differs between the Sexes in Wild House Sparrows (Passer domesticus). Molecular Biology and Evolution (MBE)
Academic article
Eriksen, Lasse Frost; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Pedersen, Hans Christian; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland. (2023) Climatic forcing and individual heterogeneity in a resident mountain bird: legacy data reveal effects on reproductive strategies. Royal Society Open Science
Academic article
Nafstad, Ådne Messel; Rønning, Bernt; Aase, Kenneth; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Hagen, Ingerid Julie; Ranke, Peter Sjolte. (2023) Spatial variation in the evolutionary potential and constraints of basal metabolic rate and body mass in a wild bird. Journal of Evolutionary Biology
Academic article
Htay, Thazin; Røskaft, Eivin; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Ranke, Peter Sjolte. (2023) Spatio-temporal variation in avian taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity and its relevance for conservation in a wetland ecosystem in Myanmar. Biodiversity and Conservation
Academic article
Pepke, Michael Le; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Eisenberg, Dan T. A.. (2023) The evolution of early-life telomere length, pace-of-life and telomere-chromosome length dynamics in birds. Molecular Ecology
Academic article
Pepke, Michael Le; Kvalnes, Thomas; Wright, Jonathan; Araya Ajoy, Yimen Gerardo; Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Boner, Winnie. (2023) Longitudinal telomere dynamics within natural lifespans of a wild bird. Scientific Reports
Academic article
Htay, Thazin; Htoo, Kyaw Kyaw; Røskaft, Eivin; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Ranke, Peter Sjolte. (2023) Social and ecological drivers of illegal bird hunting in the Indawgyi wetland ecosystem in Myanmar. Conservation Science and Practice (CSP)
Academic article
Pepke, Michael Le; Kvalnes, Thomas; Rønning, Bernt; Jensen, Henrik; Boner, Winnie; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2022) Artificial size selection experiment reveals telomere length dynamics and fitness consequences in a wild passerine. Molecular Ecology
Academic article
Mehlhoop, Anne Catriona; Van Moorter, Bram; Rolandsen, Christer Moe; Hagen, Dagmar; Granhus, Aksel; Eriksen, Rune. (2022) Moose in our neighborhood: Does perceived hunting risk have cascading effects on tree performance in vicinity of roads and houses?. Ecology and Evolution
Academic article
Pepke, Michael Le; Niskanen, Alina Katariina; Kvalnes, Thomas; Boner, Winnie; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2022) Inbreeding is associated with shorter early-life telomere length in a wild passerine. Conservation Genetics
Academic article
Pepke, Michael Le; Kvalnes, Thomas; Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Araya-Ajoy, Yimen; Wright, Jonathan; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2022) Causes and consequences of variation in early-life telomere length in a bird metapopulation. Ecology and Evolution
Academic article
Htay, Thazin; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Røskaft, Eivin; Ranke, Peter Sjolte. (2022) Promoting bird conservation in wetland-associated landscapes: Factors influencing avian crop damage and farmers’ attitudes. Global Ecology and Conservation
Academic article
Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Araya-Ajoy, Yimen; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Pärn, Henrik; Rønning, Bernt; Jensen, Henrik. (2021) Spatial structure and dispersal dynamics in a house sparrow metapopulation. Journal of Animal Ecology
Academic article
Saatoglu, Fikriye Dilan; Niskanen, Alina Katariina; Kuismin, Markku; Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Hagen, Ingerid Julie; Araya-Ajoy, Yimen. (2021) Dispersal in a house sparrow metapopulation: An integrative case study of genetic assignment calibrated with ecological data and pedigree information. Molecular Ecology
Academic article
Pepke, Michael Le; Kvalnes, Thomas; Lundregan, Sarah; Boner, Winnie; Monaghan, Pat; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2021) Genetic architecture and heritability of early-life telomere length in a wild passerine. Molecular Ecology
Academic article
Araya-Ajoy, Yimen; Niskanen, Alina Katariina; Froy, Hannah; Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Kvalnes, Thomas; Rønning, Bernt. (2021) Variation in generation time reveals density regulation as an important driver of pace of life in a bird metapopulation. Ecology Letters
Academic article
Dehnhard, Nina; Skei, Jørgen; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe; May, Roelof Frans; Halley, Duncan John; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2020) Boat disturbance effects on moulting common eiders Somateria mollissima. Marine Biology
Academic article
Niskanen, Alina Katariina; Billing, Anna Maria; Holand, Håkon; Hagen, Ingerid Julie; Araya-Ajoy, Yimen; Husby, Arild. (2020) Consistent scaling of inbreeding depression in space and time in a house sparrow metapopulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS)
Academic article
Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Skjelseth, Sigrun; Hagen, Ingerid Julie; Billing, Anna Maria; Borg Pedersen, Åsa Alexandra; Pärn, Henrik. (2020) Multi‑generational genetic consequences of reinforcement in a bird metapopulation. Conservation Genetics
Academic article
Lundregan, Sarah L.; Niskanen, Alina K.; Muff, Stefanie; Holand, Håkon; Kvalnes, Thomas; Ringsby, Thor-Harald. (2020) Resistance to gapeworm parasite has both additive and dominant genetic components in house sparrows, with evolutionary consequences for ability to respond to parasite challenge. Molecular Ecology
Academic article
Araya-Ajoy, Yimen; Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Kvalnes, Thomas; Rønning, Bernt; Holand, Håkon; Myhre, Ane Marlene. (2019) Characterizing morphological (co)variation using structural equation models: Body size, allometric relationships and evolvability in a house sparrow metapopulation. Evolution
Academic article
Holand, Håkon; Jensen, Henrik; Kvalnes, Thomas; Tufto, Jarle; Pärn, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2019) Parasite prevalence increases with temperature in an avian metapopulation in northern Norway. Parasitology
Academic article
Kvalnes, Thomas; Røberg, Anja Ås; Jensen, Henrik; Holand, Håkon; Pärn, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2018) Offspring fitness and the optimal propagule size in a fluctuating environment. Journal of Avian Biology
Academic article
Lundregan, Sarah; Hagen, Ingerid Julie; Gohli, Jostein; Niskanen, Alina Katariina; Kemppainen, Petri; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2018) Inferences of genetic architecture of bill morphology in house sparrow using a high-density SNP array point to a polygenic basis. Molecular Ecology
Academic article
Stubberud, Marlene Wæge; Myhre, Ane Marlene; Holand, Håkon; Kvalnes, Thomas; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2017) Sensitivity analysis of effective population size to demographic parameters in house sparrow populations. Molecular Ecology
Academic article
Kvalnes, Thomas; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik; Hagen, Ingerid Julie; Rønning, Bernt; Pärn, Henrik. (2017) Reversal of response to artificial selection on body size in a wild passerine bird. Evolution
Academic article
Silva, Catarina; McFarlane, S. Eryn; Hagen, Ingerid Julie; Rönnegård, Lars; Billing, Anna Maria; Kvalnes, Thomas. (2017) Insights into the genetic architecture of morphological and sexually selected traits in two passerine bird species. Heredity
Academic article
Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Skjelseth, Sigrun; Pärn, Henrik; Herfindal, Ivar; Borg Pedersen, Åsa Alexandra; Stokke, Bård Gunnar. (2017) Demographic influences of translocated individuals on a resident population of house sparrows. Oikos
Academic article
Kemppainen, Petri; Rønning, Bernt; Kvalnes, Thomas; Hagen, Ingerid Julie; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Billing, Anna Maria. (2017) Controlling for P-value inflation in allele frequency change in experimental evolution and artificial selection experiments. Molecular Ecology Resources
Academic article
Rønning, Bernt; Broggi, Juli; Bech, Claus; Moe, Børge; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Pärn, Henrik. (2016) Is basal metabolic rate associated with recruit production and survival in free-living house sparrows?. Functional Ecology
Academic article
Holand, Håkon; Kvalnes, Thomas; Gamelon, Marlène; Tufto, Jarle; Jensen, Henrik; Pärn, Henrik. (2016) Spatial variation in senescence rates in a bird metapopulation. Oecologia
Academic article
Nossen, Ida; Ciesielski, Tomasz Maciej; Dimmen, Malene Vågen; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Polder, Anuschka. (2016) Steroids in house sparrows (Passer domesticus): Effects of POPs and male quality signalling. Science of the Total Environment
Academic article
Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik; Pärn, Henrik; Kvalnes, Thomas; Boner, Winnie; Gillespie, Robert. (2015) On being the right size: Increased body size is associated with reduced telomere length under natural conditions. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences
Academic article
Holand, Håkon; Jensen, Henrik; Tufto, Jarle; Pärn, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2015) Endoparasite infection has both short- and long-term negative effects on reproductive success of female house sparrows, as revealed by faecal parasitic egg counts. PLOS ONE
Academic article
Holand, Håkon; Jensen, Henrik; Tufto, Jarle; Soliman, Mustafa M.; Pärn, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2014) Lower survival probability of house sparrows severely infected by the gapeworm parasite. Journal of Avian Biology
Academic article
Baalsrud, Helle Tessand; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Hagen, Ingerid Julie; Myhre, Ane Marlene; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Pärn, Henrik. (2014) Effects of population characteristics and structure on estimates of effective population size in a house sparrow metapopulation. Molecular Ecology
Academic article
Huseby, O.; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Rolandsen, Christer Moe; Van Moorter, Bram; Herfindal, Ivar; Solberg, Erling Johan. (2014) Sesongvariasjon i elgens aktivitet gjennom døgnet påvirker når og hvor den påkjøres. Hjorteviltet
Popular scientific article
Kvalnes, Thomas; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2013) Correlates of egg size variation in a population of house sparrow Passer domesticus. Oecologia
Academic article
Melis, Claudia; Borg, Åsa Alexandra; Jensen, Henrik; Bjørkvoll, Eirin Marie; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2013) Genetic variability and structure of the water vole Arvicola amphibius across four metapopulations in northern Norway. Ecology and Evolution
Academic article
Holand, Håkon; Jensen, Henrik; Tufto, Jarle; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2013) Temporal and spatial variation in prevalence of the parasite Syngamus trachea in a metapopulation of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus). Parasitology
Academic article
Parn, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2012) Spatial heterogeneity in the effects of climate and density-dependence on dispersal in a house sparrow metapopulation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences
Academic article
Billing, Anna Maria; Lee, Aline Magdalena; Skjelseth, Sigrun; Borg, Åsa Alexandra; Hale, M. C.; Slate, J. (2012) Evidence of inbreeding depression but not inbreeding avoidance in a natural house sparrow population. Molecular Ecology
Academic article
Tufto, Jarle; Lande, Russell; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Engen, Steinar; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Walla, T. R.. (2012) Estimating Brownian motion dispersal rate, longevity and population density from spatially explicit mark-recapture data on tropical butterflies. Journal of Animal Ecology
Academic article
Melis, Claudia; Holmern, Tomas; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2011) Who ends up in the eagle owl pellets? A new method to assess whether water voles experience different predation risk. Mammalian Biology
Academic article
Ringsby, Thor Harald; Berge, Torborg; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Jensen, Henrik. (2009) Reproductive success and individual variation in feeding frequency of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus). Journal of Ornithology = Journal fur Ornithologie
Academic literature review
Parn, Henrik; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2009) Sex-specific fitness correlates of dispersal in a house sparrow metapopulation. Journal of Animal Ecology
Academic article
Jensen, Henrik; Steinsland, Ingelin; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2008) Evolutionary dynamics of a sexual ornament in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus): The role of indirect selection within and between sexes. Evolution
Academic literature review
Ciesielski, Tomasz Maciej; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro; Pedersen, Hans Christian; Bæk, K.; Skåre, Janneche Utne; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2008) Decabrominated diphenyl ether in ptarmigans and sparrows in Norway. Organohalogen Compounds
Academic article
Jones, OR; Gaillard, JM; Tuljapurkar, S; Alho, JS; Armitage, KB; Becker, PH. (2008) Senescence rates are determined by ranking on the fast-slow life-history continuum. Ecology Letters
Academic article
Jensen, Henrik; Bremset, Erlend Myre; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2007) Multilocus heterozygosity and inbreeding depression in an insular house sparrow metapopulation. Molecular Ecology
Academic literature review
Engen, Steinar; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Lande, Russell; Jensen, Henrik; Lillegård, Magnar. (2007) Effective size of fluctuating populations with two sexes and overlapping generations. Evolution
Academic article
Skjelseth, Sigrun; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Tufto, Jarle; Jensen, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2007) Dispersal of introduced house sparrows Passer domesticus: an experiment. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences
Academic article
Jensen, Henrik; Steinsland, Ingelin; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2006) Indirect selection as a constraint on the evolution of sexual ornaments and other morphological traits in the House Sparrow. Journal of Ornithology = Journal fur Ornithologie
Abstract
Skjelseth, Sigrun; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik; Tufto, Jarle; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2006) Dispersal patterns within a meta-population of House Sparrows after an introduction experiment. Journal of Ornithology = Journal fur Ornithologie
Abstract
Solberg, E.J.; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2006) Fitness consequences of hybridization between house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and tree sparrows (P-montanus). Journal of Ornithology = Journal fur Ornithologie
Academic article
Jensen, Henrik; Svorkmo-Lundberg, Torkild; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2006) Environmental influence and cohort effects in a sexual ornament in the house sparrow, Passer domesticus. Oikos
Academic article
Skei, Jon Kristian; Dolmen, Dag; Rønning, Lars; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2006) Habitat use during the aquatic phase of the newts Triturus vulgaris (L.) and T. cristatus (Laurenti) in central Norway: proposition for a conservation and monitoring area. Amphibia-Reptilia
Academic article
Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Jensen, Henrik; Engen, Steinar. (2006) Demographic characteristics of extinction in a small, insular population of house sparrows in Northern Norway. Conservation Biology
Academic article
Husby, Arild; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2006) Causes and consequences of adaptive seasonal sex ratio variation in house sparrows. Journal of Animal Ecology
Academic article
Tufto, Jarle; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Dhondt, A.A.; Andriaensen, Frank; Matthysen, Erik. (2005) A parametric model for estimation of dispersal patterns applied to five passerine spatially structured populations. The American Naturalist
Academic article
Jensen, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Tufto, Jarle; Griffith, Simon C.; Ellegren, H. (2004) Lifetime reproductive success in relation to morphology in the house sparrow Passer domesticus. Journal of Animal Ecology
Academic article
Henriksen, Snorre; Aanes, Ronny; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Tufto, Jarle. (2003) Does availability of resources influence grazing strategies in female Svalbard reindeer?. Rangifer
Academic article
Jensen, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Tufto, Jarle; Griffith, S. C.; Ellegren, Hans. (2003) Sexual variation in heritability and genetic correlations of morphological traits in house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Journal of Evolutionary Biology
Academic article
Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Tufto, Jarle; Jensen, Henrik; Solberg, Erling Johan. (2002) Asynchronous spatiotemporal variation in demography of a House Sparrow Passer domesticus metapopulation in a correlated environment. Ecology
Academic article
Solberg, Erling Johan; Loison, Anne; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Heim, Morten. (2002) Biased adult sex ratio can affect fecundity in primiparous moose. Wildlife Biology
Academic article
Altwegg, Res; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2000) Phenotypic correlates and consequences of dispersal in a metapopulation of house sparrows Passer domesticus. Journal of Animal Ecology
Academic article
Solberg, Erling Johan; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Altwegg, Andreas; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2000) Fertile House Sparrow X Tree Sparrow (Passer domesticus X Passer montanus) hybrids?. Journal of Ornithology = Journal fur Ornithologie
Academic article
Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Altwegg, Andreas; Solberg, Erling Johan. (1999) Temporal and spatial variation in survival rates of a house sparrow metapopulation. Oikos
Academic article
Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Bakke, Øyvind; Solberg, Erling Johan. (1999) Spatial and temporal variation in demography of a house sparrow metapopulation. Ecology
Academic article
Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Altwegg, Res; Solberg, Erling Johan. (1999) Temporal and spatial variation in survival rates of a house sparrow, Passer domesticus, metapopulation. Oikos
Academic article
Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Bakke, Øyvind; Solberg, Erling Johan. (1999) Spatial and temporal variation in demography of a house sparrow metapopulation. Journal of Animal Ecology
Academic article
Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Solberg, Erling Johan. (1998) Factors affecting juvenile survival in House Sparrow Passer domesticus. Journal of Avian Biology
Academic article
Tufto, Jarle; Solberg, E.J.; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (1998) Statistical models of transitive and intransitive dominance structures. Animal Behaviour
Academic article
Stewart, I.R.K.; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Solberg, E.J.. (1997) Absence of haematozoa in passerines from a Norwegian archipelago. Ornis Fennica
Academic article
Solberg, E.J.; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (1997) Does male badge size signal status in small island populations of House sparrows, Passer domesticus?. Ethology
Academic article
Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Røskaft, Eivin. (1996) Life history variation, population processes and priorities in species conservation : towards a reunion of research paradigms. Oikos
Academic article

Part of book/report

Ringsby, Thor Harald. (1998) Factors affecting juvenile survival and the consequences for local demography in a metapopulation of House Sparrows.
Academic chapter/article/Conference paper

Report

Eriksen, Lasse Frost; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Moa, Pål Fossland; Grøtan, Vidar. (2024) Life history traits and demography of a mountain bird under climatic variation. Doktoravhandlinger ved NTNU (2024:90)
Doctoral dissertation
Saugestad, Margrete; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Kvalnes, Thomas; Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Pepke, Michael Le. (2023) The influence of arthropods availability on fledgling morphology and reproductive success in wild house sparrows. Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Gholami, Fatemeh; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Kvalnes, Thomas; Burnett, Hamish Andrew. (2023) Effect of inbreeding on egg size and clutch size in an insular house sparrow metapopulation in northern Norway. Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Oddvik, Vilde Jonasson; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe; Kvalnes, Thomas. (2023) The Effects of Diet and Weather on Early-life Growth and Survival in Atlantic Puffin Nestlings in Northern Norway. Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Kazemi, Maryam; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Burnett, Hamish Andrew; Myhre, Ane Marlene. (2023) Demographic changes in female-skewed populations of house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
Mehlhoop, Anne Catriona; Van Moorter, Bram; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Hagen, Dagmar; Rolandsen, Christer Moe; Evju, Marianne. (2022) Evaluating mitigation measures to reduce negative impacts of infrastructure construction on vegetation and wildlife. Doctoral theses at NTNU (48)
Doctoral dissertation
Søraker, Jørgen Skavdal; Jensen, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Wright, Jonathan; Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2022) Disentangling the age-dependent causal pathways affecting multiple paternity in house sparrows. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
Bjørsrud, Maren Sofie; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Kvalnes, Thomas; Pepke, Michael Le; Ranke, Peter Sjolte. (2022) Predator-induced selection on phenotypes by sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus) in house sparrows (Passer domesticus). Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
Pepke, Michael Le; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik; Kvalnes, Thomas; Wright, Jonathan. (2021) The Ecological and evolutionary role of telomere length in house sparrows. Doctoral theses at NTNU (420)
Doctoral dissertation
Muller, Amandine Sophie; Jensen, Henrik; Araya-Ajoy, Yimen; Husby, Arild; Kvalnes, Thomas; Lundregan, Sarah. (2021) Effects of inbreeding on lay date in house sparrows (Passer domesticus). Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Gravelsæther, Maria Margareth Angelil; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Fossøy, Frode; Stokke, Bård Gunnar; Hansen, Brage Bremset. (2021) Effects of arthropod abundance on reproductive success in Svalbard snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis). Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
Ringsby, Thor Harald; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Eriksen, Lasse Frost; Eichholz, Emanuel. (2020) Optimal spatiotemporal harvest strategies for willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) in central Norway. NTNU
Masters thesis
Thurmann-Nielsen, Cathrine Framstad; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Pepke, Michael Le; Rønning, Bernt; Kvalnes, Thomas. (2019) Nest Microclimate in Relation to Maternal Phenotypic Quality and Reproductive Success in a Wild Population of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus). NTNU
Masters thesis
Ranke, Peter Sjolte; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Pärn, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2019) Demographic and genetic and consequences of dispersal in house sparrows. NTNU
Doctoral dissertation
Gjestrud Julseth, Martin; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Rønning, Bernt; Pepke, Michael Le; Skei, Jon Kristian; Kvalnes, Thomas. (2019) The effect of arthropod availability on reproductive phenology and success in a multi-brooded passerine Passer domesticus. NTNU
Masters thesis
Myhr Stavnås, Veronica; Nilsen, Erlend Birkeland; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2018) Demographic determinants of population growth rate in willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) in Lierne, central Norway. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet (NTNU)
Masters thesis
Krogfjord, Mari; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Kvalnes, Thomas; Pedersen, Michael Pepke. (2018) Effects of variation in egg size on maternal fitness in a population of wild house sparrows (Passer domesticus). NTNU
Masters thesis
Jakobsen, Marte; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Pedersen, Michael Pepke; Kvalnes, Thomas; Rønning, Bernt. (2018) Spatiotemporal variation and fitness consequences of blood hemoglobin concentration in free-living house sparrow (Passer domesticus) nestlings. NTNU
Masters thesis
Talal, Mohammad; Wright, Jonathan; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2018) Individual variation and indirect social effects in Producer-Scrounger behavior in the House Sparrow, Passer domesticus. NTNU
Masters thesis
Johansen, Kristina; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik; Kvalnes, Thomas; Tufto, Jarle. (2018) Spatiotemporal variation in laying date and its impact on reproductive success in houses parrows (Passer domesticus). Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Pettersen, Nils Håkon; Wright, Jonathan; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Rønning, Bernt. (2017) Indirect social effects of the individual strategy in producer-scrounger foraging interactions. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
Wright, Jonathan; Finnøen, Mette Helene; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Rønning, Bernt. (2016) Personality and pace-of-life behavioral syndromes in a model species, the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus). MSc Thesis, NTNU
Masters thesis
Olsen, Mirja Carola; Wright, Jonathan; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Rønning, Bernt. (2016) Linking variation in personality and behavioural syndromes to social foraging and producer-scrounger effects in house sparrows (Passer domesticus). MSc Thesis, NTNU
Masters thesis
Lindstrøm, Ingrid Marie; Solberg, Erling Johan; Rolandsen, Christer Moe; Bram, Van Moorter; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2016) No mitigating effects of roadside vegetation clearing on ungulate-vehicle collisions in Nord-Trøndelag. Institutt for biologi, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
Danielsen, Preben; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Hansen, Brage Bremset; Varpe, Øystein; Veiberg, Vebjørn. (2016) Climate trends, weather fluctuations and calving phenology in Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). Institutt for biologi, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
De Rijcke, Sandra; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Lorentsen, Svein Håkon. (2016) Foraging behaviour of the European shag during early chick-rearing period; do they follow the marginal value theorem?. Institutt for biologi, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
Arstad Skøien, Elida; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Hansen, Brage Bremset; Fossøy, Frode; Stokke, Bård Gunnar; Varpe, Øystein. (2015) Causes and Consequences of Breeding Synchrony in the Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis). Institutt for biologi, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
Wright, Jonathan; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Pärn, Henrik; Rønning, Bernt; Sommerli, Sindre Lysfjord. (2015) Personality and Innovation in House Sparrows: Evolutionary and Demographic Consequences of Individual Phenotypic Differences. MSc Thesis, NTNU
Masters thesis
Ringsby, Thor Harald; Kvalnes, Thomas; Jensen, Henrik; Røberg, Anja Ås. (2015) Effects of variation in egg size on offspring fitness in populations of house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Skøien, Elida Aarstad; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Fossøy, Frode; Hansen, Brage Bremset; Varpe, Øystein; Stokke, Bård Gunnar. (2015) Causes and Consequences of Breeding Synchrony in the Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis). NTNU, Department of Biology
Masters thesis
Skei, Jørgen; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Lorentsen, Svein Håkon. (2014) Exploring Moulting Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) Escape Responses towards Ship Traffic. Institutt for biologi, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
Holand, Håkon; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik. (2014) The parasite Syngamus trachea in a metapopulation of house sparrows. Doktoravhandlinger ved NTNU (2014:178)
Doctoral dissertation
Dimmen, Malene Vågen; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro; Ciesielski, Tomasz Maciej; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2014) Levels and effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on circulating thyroid hormones in house sparrows (Passer domesticus) from Leka, Norway. Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Nossen, Ida; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro; Ciesielski, Tomasz Maciej; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2014) Possible Effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants on Steroid Hormone Homeostasis in House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) from Helgeland, Norway. Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Ringsby, Thor Harald; Holand, Håkon; Jensen, Henrik; Pärn, Henrik; Vastveit, Helene Russell. (2013) Spatial and temporal variation in hippoboscid parasitism by Ornithomya chloropus on house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and its effect on survival. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Masters thesis
Huseby, Oddmund; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Solberg, Erling Johan; Herfindal, Ivar; Van Moorter, Bram F. A.; Rolandsen, Christer Moe. (2013) Spatio-temporal variation in moose vehicle collisions: the effect of varying traffic intensity and light conditions. Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Ofstad, Endre Grüner; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Herfindal, Ivar; Solberg, Erling Johan; Rolandsen, Christer Moe; Van Moorter, Bram F. A.. (2013) Seasonal variation in Site Fidelity of Moose (Alces alces). Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Gressetvold, Marit; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon. (2013) Identifying conservative criteria for environmental assessments of vulnerability; Seabirds and offshore wind farms as a case study. Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Masters thesis
Kristiansen, Atle Torvik; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik. (2011) Genetic variation in a metapopulation of house sparrows: The interplay of population size and dispersal. NTNU, Institutt for biologi
Masters thesis
Ringsby, Thor Harald; Odden, John. (2011) The ecology of a conflict: Eurasian lynx depredation on domestic sheep. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Doktoravhandlinger ved NTNU (320)
Doctoral dissertation
Kvalnes, Thomas; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik. (2010) Correlates of egg size variation in a population of house sparrow Passer domesticus. NTNU, Institutt for biologi
Masters thesis
Holand, Håkon; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Jensen, Henrik. (2009) Effects of the parasitic gapeworm (Syngamus trachea) on survival in house sparrows (Passer domesticus). NTNU, Institutt for biologi
Masters thesis
Davidsen, Ole Roar; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2008) Size-related variation in survival rates of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) subject to artificial size-dependent selection. NTNU, Institutt for biologi
Masters thesis
Myre Bremset, Erlend; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2006) Multilocus heterozygosity and inbreeding in an insular house sparrow metapopulation. NTNU, Institutt for biologi
Masters thesis
Larsen, Line-Kristin; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2005) Correlates of multiple paternity (MP) in a house sparrow, Passer domesticus, meta-population. NTNU, Institutt for biologi
Masters thesis
Husby, Arild; Sæther, Bernt-Erik; Jensen, Henrik; Ringsby, Thor Harald. (2005) Causes and consequences of sex ratio variation in house sparrows. NTNU, Institutt for biologi
Masters thesis
Ringsby, Thor Harald. (1998) Variation in space and time: the biology of a House sparrow metapopulation. [Mangler utgivernavn]
Doctoral dissertation
Ringsby, Thor Harald. (1998) Variation in Space and Time: The Biology of a House Sparrow Metapopulation. Zoologisk Institutt, Fakultet for Kjemi og Biologi, NTNU
Doctoral dissertation

PRODUKT

Graae, Bente Jessen; Nielsen, Martin Reinhardt; Kløckner, Christian; Ringsby, Thor Harald; Moe, Espen; Said, Mohammed Yahya. (2019) Savanna Life (brettspill/serious game).
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Teaching

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Knowledge Transfer